आयुर्वेद में प्रयुक्त जड़ी-बूटियाँ तथा खनिज

आयुर्वेद की औषधियाँ मुख्यतः जड़ी-बूटियों में खनिज मिलाकर बनायी जाती हैं। कभी-कभार इनमें पशुओं से प्राप्त वस्तुएँ भी मिलायी जाती हैं।

आयुर्वेदिक औषधियाँ निम्नांकित प्रकार की होती हैं -

• Fresh juice of herbs

• क्वाथ (मलयालम: കഷായം) : Crushed herbs, used as a decoction or brew for internal and external uses

• चूर्ण : Fine powdered herbs, used as medicine taken with water or food for internal and external uses

• तैल : Herbs cooked in edible oil according to rules laid down for internal and external uses

• घृत : Herbs cooked in ghee (clarified butter)

• आसव, सुरा या अरिष्ट : A kind of light wine obtained from fermentation of herbs

• अर्क : A distillate obtained from herbs

• रसौषधि या खरलीय रसायन : Herbs mixed with metals, minerals and animal ingredients

• भस्म : Ashes

• पर्पटी : Combinations of metals, minerals, animal ingredients and herbs

• क्षार, लवण द्रव : Specially prepared medicaments using salt

• गुग्गुल Medicaments based on Guggul (a herb)

• लौह भस्म : Mandoor Bhasam : Iron based medicaments

• अवलेह, मोदक, पाक तथा प्राश : Herbs cooked in Jaggery or sugar

• बटी/गुटिका/गोली : Mixtures of medicines shaped in pills, pillules or tablets for ease of administration

• प्रलेप/अंजन/वर्ति/धूप : Liniments, drops, paint, and pastes for external uses

प्रायः प्रयुक्त वनस्पतियाँ एवं खनिज

 

Botanical (Latin) Name	Common (English) Name	Sanskrit Name	Therapeutic Use, Functions or Properties (According to Ayurveda)
Acacia concinna	Acacia	Shikakai	For bilious affliction, jaundice, malarial fever, flatulence. Used as a mild laxative.
Acacia nilotica	Indian Gum Arabic Tree	Babool	For gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes. Used as a demulcent. Is styptic and astringent.
Acorus calamus	Sweet Flag	Vacha	For ague, habitual constipation, atonic dyspepsia, flatulence, paralytic nervous affliction, colic, epilepsy, dropsy, glandular diseases, rheumatic swellings, and children's teething ailments. Is a bitter tonic.
Adhatoda vasica	Malabar Nut	Vasaka	For bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma. Supports lung functions. Has immune system-boosting properties.
Aegle marmelos	Bael Tree	Bael	For intestinal problems, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory conditions of bowels. Is anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, and is a digestive.
Allium sativum	Garlic {Chinese: 大蒜}[2]	Lahsuna	Used to control excess conversion of lipids and cholesterol.
Aloe vera	Indian Aloe {Chinese: 芦荟}	Kumari	For ophthalmic disorders, hepatospleenomegaly, spleen and liver disorders, cysts, poisons, hydrocele, kaphha fever, vata dosha, and anomalies of blood, glands and skin. Used as a mild laxative and tonic. Increases semen quality.
Andrographis paniculata	Green chirayta	Yavatika	For malaria fever, enlargement of liver, chronic and obstinate fever, dropsy, edema, constipation, and infant disorders such as diarrhoea, colic, vomiting. Used as an appetiser.
Anethum graveolens	Indian dill	Satahva	For abdominal colic, intestinal colic, ophthalmic disorders, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and body pain. Is analgesic, anti-febric, vermifugal and is a digestive. Used as an appetiser.
Asparagus racemosus	Asparagus {Chinese: 天门冬}	Shatavari	To nourish the female reproductive system. Promotes lactation.
Azadirachta indica	Neem	Neem	For skin disorders. Has blood purifying and immune-boosting properties. Is an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent.
Bacopa monnieri	Bacopa	Brahmi	Improves alertness. Is an anti-anxiety agent.
Benincasa hispida	Winter melon	Kushmanda	Used as a food for vigour, to nourish body and to purify blood. It is an appetiser, is easy to digest, and removes constipation. It is used to normalise bowel movements and is a remedy for mental disorders, epilepsy, mania, psychological disorders and other mental conditions.
Betula utilis	Himalayan Birch	Bhurjapatra	For ear disorders, bile disorders, anomalies of blood, psychological disorders. Has anti-obesity and anti-toxin functions.
Boerhavia diffusa	Boerhaavia	Punarnava	For efficient kidney and urinary functions, urinary tract infections.
Capsicum annuum	Red Pepper	Katuvira	Used to arouse the digestive fire, remove kaphha dosha, produce burning sensation, remove indigestion. It is anti-cholera, and helps to heal obstinate wounds. It removes hoarseness, sleepiness and perversion of taste. Used to treat loss of senses and weak pulse conditions.
Cassia fistula	Golden Shower Tree	Aragvadha	FRUIT-BODY:Is a mild laxative. Used to treat fever, cardiac (heart) problems, Rakta Pitta, hematemesis, hemorrhages, arthritis, vatavyadhi, colic, acidity and acidic eructations. Roots are strongly purgative, and should not be used alone.
Cedrus deodara	Deodar Cedar	Devadaru	Bark and stem: creates sweating, urination, anti-vata, eliminates skin disorders, anti-febril, anti-edema, arthritis, joint pain, joint swelling, antitussive, vermifugal, blood and urine anomalies.
Cinnamomum camphora	Camphor {Chinese: 樟脑}	Karpoora	Used in kaphha, thirst, obesity, burning sensations, throat problems, intestinal worms, mouth freshener, analgesics, antitusive, antipyeratic, excessive sweats. Beneficial in small quantity [50 mg] for low blood pressure and asthma.
Citrus grandis	Pomelo	Mahanimbu	Vata-kaphha nashak, mild laxative, digestive, appetiser, loss of appetite, abdominal colic, worms, vomiting, nausea.
Citrus limon	Lemon {Chinese: 柠檬}	Nimbaka	Use as food for increased taste, increased hunger, digestive, help to pass abdominal wind, flatus.
Citrus medica	Citron {TCM: 佛手}	Bijapura	In heart disorders, abdominal colic, Gulma (abdominal tumors), vomiting, nausea, indigestion, haemorrhoids.
Commiphora wightii	Indian Bdellium Tree	Guggulu	For rheumatism, nervous diseases, glandular and scrofulous diseases, and chronic wounds that do not heal easily. Used as a tonic, demulcent, emmenagogue and stimulant. Is anti-spasmodic and a blood purifier.
Cucumis sativus	Cucumber	Trapusha	Diuretic, useful in haematamesis, haemorrhages, bleeding, cold in nature, as a food for renal stone patient.
Cuminum cyminum	Cumin	Shvetajiraka	SEEDS: smell increasing the taste of food, increased taste, appetiser, Cholagogue, useful in abdominal colic, flatulence, wind formation, offensive flatus, vermifugal, dysentery, diarrhoea, Gulma (abdominal tumors), indigestion, inflammatory condition of bowels, renal calculus, gonorrhoea, obstruction of urine, nausea, vomiting.
Daucus carota	Carrot	Garjira	Seeds: useful in flatulence, renal disorders, pathophysiology of small and large intestines, salpingitis, impotence, female genital disorders, Root: vermifugal, spleenomegaly, physical weakness, cholecystitis, problem before delivery, cardiac problems, piles, colic burning sensation, asthma, hiccough, mouth freshener. Externally for burns, abscess.
Eclipta alba	Thistles {TCM: 墨旱莲}	Bhringaraja	Juice: useful to teeth, skin and hairs, indicated for the treatment of Kaphha-vata disorders, cough, bronchitis, worms, asthma, skin diseases, oedema, mucous disorders, anemia, digestive, support and nourished body, choleggue, hepatomegaly, liver disorders, loss of appetite, vertigo, hepatospleenomegaly, piles, indigestion, headache, weak vision, Externally for burns, skin diseases, leucoderma, hair loss, alopecia.
Embelia ribes	False Black Pepper	Vidanga	Fruit: carminative, anthelmintic, stimulant, alterative, anti-dyspeptic, anti-flatulent, skin diseases, rheumatisma, diuretic, laxative, purgative.
Eucalyptus globulus	Eucalyptus	Nilgiri Taila	External: deodorant, useful in skin disorders, anti-vermicular, wounds us cervix, wounded piles, smells in Cold and coryza, muscular and joints pain, myopathy: Internal: excessive salivation, digestive, antipyretic.
Ficus bengalensis	Banyan tree	Vata	Kaphha pitta shamak, nausea, diarrhoea, bloody dysentery, haemorrhages, bleeding, dysentery, anomaly of blood, bleeding from all orifices, discoloration of skin, bloody leucorrhoea, leucorrhoea, white discharges from vagina, help in pregnancy, anomaly of urine, Prameha, ueful for childless women, increased fertility in women.
Foeniculum vulgare	Fennel {TCM: 小茴香}	Shatapushpa	In Vata-pitta dosha, useful in mental weakness, weakness of eyesight, nausea, vomiting, weak appetite, flatulence, abdominal wind, abdominal colic, dysentery, piles, cardiac disorders, anomaly of blood, cough, bronchitis, pulmonary disorders, anomaly of urine and urination, fever, skin disorders, weakness, burning sensations.
Gaultheria fragrantissima	Indian Wintergreen	Gandapura	Oil: cures Vata, pain, stimulant, antipyeretic, brings sweats, diuretic, antispasmodic, removes pain of all kinds, useful in cardiac disorders, joint pain, sciatica, flatulence, wind formation in abdomen, rheumatic pain, myolitis.
Hippophae rhamnoides	Seabuckthorn {Chinese: 沙棘}		Bhasam [ashes]: for respiratory disorders, hiccough, asthma, cough, cardiac pain, glandular swellings, rheumatism, arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary disorders, joint pain, increases sexual desire in male and female, impotence. External: paste is applied in Pleuritis, Pneumonia, backache, painful inflammatory condition with swelling.
Jasminum officinale	Jasmine	Jati	Cold nature, bitter taste, increases Vata and Kaphha Dosha, useful in burning pain wounds, anomaly of blood, oral problems, tooth problems, eye disorders, headache, migraine, antitoxic. Oil: cold, heals wounds, anomaly of blood, useful in skin, head and ophthalmic disorders, stomatitis.
Juglans regia	Walnut {TCM: 胡桃肉}	Akschota	In facial paralysis, cervical lymphadenitis, adenitis, ringworm, edema, dropsy, swelling, fistula, opium poisoning, devermicular, purgative, laxatives, provides strength, pulmonary tuberculosis, cardiac disorders, uric acid diathesis, gout, burning sensations, rheumotoid arthritis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, dermatitis, skin disorders and anomaly of blood, blood purifier.
Lilium polyphyllum	White Lily {Chinese: 百合}	Kshirakakoli	Increasing the quantity of semen, condensed semen, increasing lactations in feeding mothers, creates sexual excitement both in male and female, increases vitality, vigour.
Malus domestica	Apple {Chinese: 苹果}	Seva
Mangifera indica	Mango	Amra	Raw: sour, tasteful, increases Vata and Pitta Dosha, Ripe, sweet: increases semen quality, appetiser, increases taste, wound healer, anomaly of blood,
Mimosa pudica	Sensitive plant	Lajjalu	For gynaecological disorders, skin disorders, bleeding piles, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea.
Melaleuca leucadendra	Tea Tree	Kayaputi	In hyperpyerexia, gout, uric acid, diarrhoea, skin disorders, bronchitis, cough, dermatitis, joints pain, muscular pain.
Mel despumatum	Honey {TCM: 峰蜜}	Madhu	Sweet, cool, easy to digest, for constipation, better for eyes and voice, beneficial to heart, heals wounds quickly, obesity, frequent urination, hiccough, asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, emaciation, excessive thirst, haemorrhagic tendency, faintness, burning sensation, healing wounds.
Mentha arvensis	Mint	Putiha
Mentha piperita	Peppermint {TCM: 薄荷}		Oils and crystal form: carminative, cool, analgesic, relives painful muscular conditions, smells in colds and coryza, relieves headache, sinusitis. Used both internally and externally. Very powerful effect. When use internally, use very small quantity (one drop in four divided doses) with precautions.
Nardostachys jatamansi	Musk {Chinese: 麝香}	Jatamansi
Pinus roxburghii	Chir Pine	Shrivasa
Piper longum	Indian Long Pepper {Chinese: 荜茇}	Pippali
Prunus amygdalus	Almond	Vatadha
Punica granatum	Pomegranate {TCM: 石榴}	Dadima
Rosmarinus officinalis	Rosemary
Salmalia malabarica	Silk Cotton Tree	Shalmali
Santalum album	Sandalwood {Chinese: 檀香}	Chandana
Sapindus mukorossi	Soapnut	Arishta
Sesamum indicum	Sesame {Chinese: 芝麻}	Til
Sesbania sesban	Egyptian Rattle Pod	Jayanti
Shorea robusta	Sal tree	Shala
Solanum lycopersicum	Tomato
Trigonella foenum-graecum	Fenugreek {Chinese: 胡庐巴}	Medhika
Triticum aestivum	Common Wheat {Chinese: 小麦}	Godhuma
Vetiveria zizanioides	Poppy[disambiguation needed]	Ushira
Vitex negundo	Five-leaved Chaste Tree	Nirgundi
Vitis vinifera	Grape {Chinese: 白藜芦醇}	Draksha
Wrightia tinctoria	Pala indigo plant	Hyamaraka
Zanthoxylum alatum	Prickly ash	Tumburu
Zingiber officinale	Ginger {TCM: 生姜 (fresh ginger), 干姜 (dry ginger)}[3]	Sunthi {Adrak (Fresh Ginger) & Shunthl (Dry Ginger)}	Digestive disorders, low appetite, indigestion, nausea, vomiting and motion sickness.
{Chemical name: Aluminium potassium sulfate}	Alum {TCM: 明礬}	Saurashtri	Internal: bloody dysentery, dysentery, worms, remittant and intermittent fever, anti-tussive, External: piles, wounds, traumatic wounds and conditions, stings, itching, eczema, conjunctivitis, leucorrhoea, otorrhoea, gonorrhoea, as gargle in pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat problems.
	Conch Shell	Shankha	Bhasam [ashes]: loss of appetite, indigestion, peptic ulcers, dueodenal ulcers, hyperacidity, bronchitis, hepatospleenomegaly, Gulma, asthma, cough, respiratory disorders.
	Sodium carbonate	Svarjikshara	Internal: constipation, diuretic, Gulmanashak, colic, pain abdominal, worms intestinal, flatulence, eructations, abdominal winds, tympenitis, irritable bowel syndrome. External: promotes suppuration of boils, burns, pimples, leucoderma, white patches of skin.
	Sodium bicarbonate	Tankana	First purify according of Ayurveda directions: increased digestive fire, Kaphha nashak, antitoxic, cough, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary resoiratory disorders, antipyeritic, Gulm nashak, colic, bodyache, sensation of chilliness etc. spleenomegaly hyperacidity, diminished hunger, stomatitis. External: eczema, ringworm, itching of skin, mouth pain in aphthea, vaginal itching, leucorrhoea, hydrocele, mammary gland inflammation, toothache, black spot on face.
	Cowrie Shell	Varatika	Bhasam [ash]: used in colic of all nature, mucous colitis, dysentery, hyperacidity, weak assimilation, diarrhoea, gastritis, gas formation, flatulence, excessive thirst, tympenitis, rumbling in abdomen, loss of appetite, Irritable bowel syndromes, improves digestive power, asthma, bronchitis, otorrhoea, dry cough, Tuberculosis, exhaustive disease conditions, aphthea, stomatitis.
	Natural Zinc	Yashad Bhasma	Bhasam [ash]: ophthalmic disorders, night blindness, kaphha-pitta disorders, jaundice, liver disorders, hepatitis, anomalies of urine, diabetes, asthma, cysts, glands, diarrhoea, mucous colitis, dhatu kshaya, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, gonorrhoea, impotency, improves digestion, beneficial in vomiting and nausea.